{"id":17424,"date":"2022-10-27T15:25:25","date_gmt":"2022-10-27T15:25:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/artjournalstg.wpenginepowered.com\/?page_id=17424"},"modified":"2022-11-03T14:25:27","modified_gmt":"2022-11-03T14:25:27","slug":"susan-elizabeth-gagliardi-confronting-the-discipline-preparing-graduate-students","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/artjournal.collegeart.org\/?page_id=17424","title":{"rendered":"Susan Elizabeth Gagliardi: Confronting the Discipline, Preparing Graduate Students"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

In conceiving the fall 2020 course<\/a> and ways to meet its objectives, I reflected on the pros and cons of teaching the writings of the same white men who had filled the methods seminar I took as a graduate student. I had read texts by Johann Joachim Winckelmann, Heinrich W\u00f6lfflin, Aby Warburg, Erwin Panofsky, and others.1<\/a><\/sup> Pairing such \u201cclassic\u201d texts with critical evaluations by more recent authors presented a possible intervention, but that approach would still maintain the centrality of familiar white men and uphold the notion that any art history must center itself on European and Euroamerican cultural production and priorities. I acknowledge that some texts may be viewed as foundational for certain fields within the discipline, yet peripheral or irrelevant to others. To orient students toward the importance of field diversity and the separate but no less critical matter of scholar diversity within the discipline as integral to any future-facing art history, I omitted from the syllabus many common texts. I asked students to consider the specific historiographies and frameworks they and other scholars might need to support their research on a particular topic. And I encouraged students to think about how recognition of different scholarly points of reference\u2014even within a field or discipline\u2014might require one to write with more specificity and clarity in order to engage an intelligent and curious but not necessarily informed reader. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

As I reflected on other approaches to graduate methods courses people had shared with me, I realized that methods courses can help graduate students think critically about the work of art historians and also offer more capacious views of what art history has been, is, and can be. I learned about one course designed around discussion of an individual book each week to invite students to think about how a book is constructed and another course centered on a weekly empathic discussion of a single art historian\u2019s approach to their research.2<\/a><\/sup> Inspired by the different designs, I dedicated a few weeks of ARTHIST 590R to the study of award-winning books by art historians and tried to encourage empathy in critique. I also began the semester with Emily Clark\u2019s \u201cTen Proposals for a More Ethical Art History: An Undergraduate Perspective<\/a>\u201d to signal my commitment to reimagining the discipline and subverting hierarchies. I aimed to prime students to contemplate the past, present, and future of art history, and whether there is one art history or many art histories, while also urging us to think about possible benefits and drawbacks of historical versus future-facing lenses.3<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An effort to allow for different art histories need not mean disavowing the history of art history. Readings for the fall 2020 seminar included work by Donald Preziosi as well as Georges Didi-Huberman, Carlo Ginzburg, Keith Moxey, and Linda Nochlin. I assigned these readings early in the semester to highlight the foundations and twentieth-century development of the discipline in the US.4<\/a><\/sup> I asked students to think about the relevance of the history of the discipline to their own fields of study and to keep in mind the trajectories of thought critical for their specific areas of specialization. I reiterated that thinkers in different fields within the discipline may consider as foundational different texts and approaches.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Other assignments on the syllabus featured the intellectual outputs of Sara Ahmed, John Baines, Carolyn Dean, Elena FitzPatrick Sifford and Ananda Cohen-Aponte, and Steven Nelson.5<\/a><\/sup> Seminar participants thought together about the whiteness of art history and its institutions, different meanings of the term art<\/em> as well as inclusions and exclusions various definitions entail, and the ways in which certain voices have been and continue to be highlighted or silenced in narratives about art and its histories. Participants in the 2021 iteration of the course considered the same themes but with some adjustments to the assigned texts.6<\/a><\/sup> Subsequent assignments on the fall 2020 syllabus alternated between award-winning books published within the last decade by art historians focusing on arts from beyond Europe and Euroamerica, and investigations into various art-historical institutions and modes of inquiry, including computational analysis. For the fall 2021 iteration<\/a> of the course, I still assigned several books, but I replaced one of the titles on the 2020 syllabus with the set of articles published in The<\/em> Art Bulletin<\/em>\u2019s December 2020 issue on art history with or without borders.7<\/a><\/sup> The collection of fresh texts by authors working in a variety of fields prompted generative discussion about different scholarly approaches for the study of art and art history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the desire to move beyond the discipline\u2019s Eurocentric past and realize productive new futures extends beyond the US, it also feeds back into American institutions. In September 2018, a group of scholars in Dakar, Senegal, set about imagining what art history would look like if experts in the discipline no longer assume Europe and Euroamerica as its center. Art historian Ugochukwu-Smooth Nzewi helped organize the Condition Report 3 On Art History in Africa<\/a>, an event \u201c[aimed] to reconfigure the parameters and potential of art history in Africa.\u201d8<\/a><\/sup> But the conversation Nzewi helped foster is not limited to the African continent. In March of 2019, New York\u2019s Museum of Modern Art\u2014long a bastion for defining modernism in art in terms of Europe and Euroamerica\u2014announced its hiring of Nzewi as its first Steven and Lisa Tananbaum Curator in the museum\u2019s department of painting and sculpture. Addition of Nzewi to the museum\u2019s curatorial team contributes to the institution\u2019s effort to present more global views of modern art to museumgoers.9<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, art history exists outside of universities and museums as well, and critical and thoughtful engagement in public discussions can inform art-historical practice and public policy. Eager for students in the fall 2020 iteration of the methods seminar to think about public attention to art and architecture as well as to reflect on the possible relevancy of their own work in popular spaces and other domains, I asked students to scan art- and architecture-related news stories each week. Students contributed their own selections to a weekly news sheet they circulated among all art history faculty, graduate students, and undergraduate students at Emory. Students in the course also hosted weekly online discussions of news items covered in that week\u2019s news sheet. In these activities, students realized the potential for building community during a time when COVID-19\u2013related university restrictions limited opportunities for in-person exchange. Recipients of the weekly news sheet expressed enthusiasm for the student-generated overviews, though students in the seminar subtly but clearly signaled that the responsibilities felt onerous.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I dropped the newsletter assignment from the fall 2021 syllabus, yet, I still sought to support students in reflecting on their own interests in art history, and I encouraged them to work to identify their core commitments as thinkers and as people. Participants in the fall 2021 iteration of the methods seminar devoted a few minutes during almost every class meeting to the topic of finding purpose. I urged students to embrace their core commitments as guides to help them make decisions throughout the PhD program and when they face job markets in the future. We also talked about the current state of the markets, a topic that can provoke anxiety among students and faculty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

American PhD students and programs in art history experience the now decades-old imbalance between the number of PhDs in art history awarded in any year and the number of tenure-track jobs available in the discipline.10<\/a><\/sup> In a 2016 report<\/a> submitted to the Mellon Foundation on twenty-five years of doctoral education in the US, Robert Weisbuch and Leonard Cassuto assert that \u201cclose to half of all humanities students will not achieve tenure-track positions, and only a fraction of them at research universities.\u201d The coauthors further observe that \u201cthe structure of doctoral education often presupposes a faculty career rather than developing forms of expertise with versatile applications across social sectors.\u201d11<\/a><\/sup> They propose structural changes in graduate programs informed by present realities.12<\/a><\/sup> Art historians and other humanists may lament the lack of tenure-track positions for people who earn PhDs, and we may yearn for different circumstances. However, an unwillingness to accept the reality of the situation will not change it, and our current graduate students operate in current conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For many tenured art historians, the situation for current graduate students may diverge significantly from their own experiences as graduate students. In her 2020 study<\/a> on sixty years of art history dissertations with a focus on dissertations completed between 2002 and 2018, art historian Nancy Um points at huge shifts in the hiring landscape.13<\/a><\/sup> Um hints at a more robust and then waning academic job market for art historians during the latter half of the twentieth century, when many senior faculty in today\u2019s art history departments earned their graduate degrees. The sharp rise in PhDs awarded in art history in the first decades of the twenty-first century that Um tracks combined with the continued decline in tenure-track positions results in demand for tenure-track positions that far outstrips supply. Publicly available data for one art history department in the US shows that an estimated 25 percent of its students earning PhDs between 2010 and 2020 secured tenure-track positions by the fall of 2020. Outside of academia, job opportunities have also been limited. An estimated 21 percent of PhD graduates from the same program during the same period landed positions in government, galleries, libraries, archives, or museums by the fall of 2020.14<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Attentive to the current state of job markets for graduates of American PhD programs in art history and desirous to signal the utility of art-historical thinking in many different realms, I included in the fall 2020 syllabus a range of works that brought scholarly concerns to larger publics. We read Sarah Vowell\u2019s 2006 Assassination Vacation<\/em> and Sarah Elizabeth Lewis\u2019s May 2020 New York Times <\/em>opinion \u201cWhere Are the Photos of People Dying of Covid?<\/a>\u201d We also listened to an episode of Jill Lepore\u2019s podcast, The Last Archive<\/em><\/a>. We talked about the ways in which the multimedia works draw on scholarly methods and make the approaches accessible to non-specialists.15<\/a><\/sup> For the fall 2021 syllabus, I retained Lewis\u2019s essay but opted to assign one of Lepore\u2019s New Yorker<\/em> articles about evidence instead of her podcast episode. The shift from meeting twice a week in the fall of 2020, when instruction happened online, to meeting once a week for in-person instruction in fall of 2021 left insufficient time to read Vowell\u2019s book in the later course. Nevertheless, throughout the fall 2021 semester, participants in the seminar talked about public-facing scholarship and the state of job markets for PhDs in art history. We also devoted significant time to reading and thinking about data literacy and computational methods as competency in both realms may benefit individuals who search for jobs in universities, museums, or other areas.16<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Competitive job markets and financial insecurity have contributed to the growing rates of stress and anxiety observed among graduate students within the past decade, but they are not the only factors.17<\/a><\/sup> Concerned about mental health and well-being of students and faculty, I considered ways to incorporate best research-based practices for mental well-being into the ARTHIST 590R syllabus and overall course design. Since 2017, I have become increasingly committed to creating courses that encourage participants\u2019 attention to their whole selves. Even prior to the start of the global COVID-19 pandemic, universities recognized increased mental health challenges on their campuses. The challenges have become more pronounced since the spring of 2020.18<\/a><\/sup> Our institutions are now also explicitly asking us to develop programs designed around best research-based practices for mental health and well-being.19<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In March 2017, my sister Jane Patricia Gagliardi served as the director of the psychiatry residency training program at the Duke University School of Medicine, and she brought me to a plenary session of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training (AADPRT) conference. Presenters in the session addressed mental and emotional well-being among trainees. The time and attention dedicated to the topic surprised me as I could not recall having ever witnessed similar conversations among professionals in art history or other humanistic disciplines. My sister explained that the incidence of death by suicide is higher among medical doctors than it is among the general population and that national accreditation agencies were focusing on the importance of learner well-being and emotional health.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aware that people who earn PhDs in art history are not immune to death by suicide or other mental health issues, I experienced dissonance, especially when I considered that human experiences and meaning making are central to the humanities. I wondered how art history and other humanistic disciplines could become more engaged in discussions about the experiences of their own practitioners, the meaning of our work, and our overall well-being.20<\/a><\/sup> Since the spring of 2020, the convergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and a longer-standing but often less acknowledged pandemic of systemic injustice has made more acute the need to develop graduate programs and professional practices to foster mental well-being. Efforts to address systemic injustice, like efforts to promote mental well-being, require us to identify past harms, address them, and cultivate inclusive communities of belonging in which each individual can show up as their authentic self without fear.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

My informal exchanges with other humanists as well as mental health professionals have alerted me to difficulties in attending to student well-being. Some faculty may view the effort as the unnecessary coddling of students. Similarly, faculty may recall little or no displays of concern for their whole selves and overall well-being from their academic mentors during their own training. Yet, efforts to improve systems require making changes, especially in light of shifting job markets and different societal realities. Faculty and their attempts to support graduate students in their programs will benefit from acknowledging the additional pressures on graduate students and working in appropriate ways to mitigate the growing rates of mental health challenges across our campuses.21<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In ARTHIST 590R, I endeavored to introduce students to research-based strategies to cultivate personal well-being. Episodes of The Happiness Lab<\/em><\/a>, a podcast Yale psychologist Laurie Santos launched following the overwhelming success of her spring 2018 course Psychology and the Good Life, appear on the fall 2020 and fall 2021 syllabi for the course.22<\/a><\/sup> The episodes sparked discussion about how to approach graduate studies and live fulfilling lives. According to Santos, our happiness or lack thereof stems in part from the reference points we use to gauge our being in the world, and she urges us to reflect on the ones we use and determine whether we might reframe our perspectives. Santos says that when we encounter difficulties, we should acknowledge the difficult emotions. In addition, instead of thinking only about positive outcomes, we should imagine and prepare for challenging situations so we can navigate difficulty when it arises and achieve our goals. In the final episode of the first season of the Happiness Lab<\/em>, Santos argues that internal rewards rather than external evaluations bring joy, and she recommends that we look for personal meaning in the things we do.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Even though I did not include the entire first season of the Happiness Lab <\/em>on the fall 2021 syllabus for ARTHIST 590R, I contemplated ways to translate Santos\u2019s findings into the course design. I worked with students to identify and discuss challenges, including difficulties in present job markets and overall well-being on our campuses, in an effort to support students in preparing for and navigating those difficulties. I made it clear to students that I do not hold professional expertise in mental health and wellness and that I am not in a position to assess, diagnose, or treat. However, as a humanist, I have learned to celebrate diversity in human experiences and to create connections across difference. I bring what I have learned to ARTHIST 590R and to other courses, and I now strive to align course design with best research-based practices for well-being. For example, I have changed my grading parameters to emphasize process over outcome, scheduled wellness pauses, and devoted time in class to student-led discussion of strategies students have tried or would like to try in order to promote their own well-being.23<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Calls to tell different narratives, engage with broad perspectives, and expand understandings of art to involve people from all over the globe are calls to attend to the diversity of human experiences and creativity. As we realize future-facing art histories that encompass more perspectives and are less hidebound to the past, occupational horizons for graduates of art history programs may broaden. And as art historians work more and more to listen to and learn from people in different places and in different positions, we may see and assess art and its histories from new angles. We may also intensify our connections with others, an element critical to the well-being of ourselves and the people with whom we interact. We cannot know what the future holds, but we may uncover other disciplinary, occupational, and holistic benefits if we work across hierarchies and other boundaries to realize more diverse and humane futures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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For the introduction to this three-part article, click here<\/a>; to read Faith Kim’s contribution, click here<\/a>; Chelsy Monie’s contribution can be found here<\/a>; and to read the conclusion, click here<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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  1. Readings for the graduate-level seminar, led by Donald Preziosi, then a faculty member in the Art History Department at the University of California, Los Angeles, primarily came from a single book. See Donald Preziosi, ed., The Art of Art History: A Critical Anthology<\/em> (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1998). Eurocentrism and other blind spots have persisted in many aspects of the discipline of art history since its establishment in the US at the end of the nineteenth century. For an accounting of the foundation of the discipline in the US, see Donald Preziosi, \u201cThe Question of Art History,\u201d Critical Inquiry<\/em> 18, 2 (1992): 363\u201386. ↩<\/a><\/span><\/li>
  2. I especially thank Michael Ann Holly and Marc Gotlieb for their separate conversations with me about these inspiring approaches. ↩<\/a><\/span><\/li>
  3. Emily Clark, \u201cTen Proposals for a More Ethical Art History: An Undergraduate Perspective,\u201dMaterial Collective<\/em>, June 19, 2019. Other sources that informed the shape of the fall 2020 syllabus include Tennessee State Museum, \u201cJuneteenth Reflections: Museums and Cultural Competency,\u201d<\/a> discussion with Brigette Jones, Learotha Williams, Tamar Smithers, Noelle Trent (1:00:34), June 19, 2020; Robin Pogrebin, \u201cCurators Urge Guggenheim to Fix Culture that \u2018Enables Racism\u2019,\u201d<\/a> The New York Times<\/em>, June 22, 2020; Robin Pogrebin, \u201cUpheaval Over Race Reaches Met Museum After Curator\u2019s Instagram Post,\u201d<\/a> New York Times<\/em>, June 24, 2020; Sarah Hotchkiss, \u201cSFMOMA Senior Curator Gary Garrels Resigns After \u2018Reverse Discrimination\u2019 Comments,\u201d<\/a> KQED<\/em>, July 14, 2020; Daniel H. Weiss and Max Hollein, \u201cOur Commitments to Anti-Racism, Diversity, and a Stronger Community,\u201d<\/a> The Metropolitan Museum of Art blog, July 6, 2020; Kimberly Drew, \u201cWhat Should a Museum Look Like in 2020?\u201d<\/a> Vanity Fair<\/em>, August 24, 2020; Shirley Li, \u201cAmerican Museums Are Going Through an Identity Crisis,\u201d<\/a> The Atlantic<\/em>, November 28, 2020. ↩<\/a><\/span><\/li>
  4. Georges Didi-Huberman, \u201cBefore the Image, Before Time: The Sovereignty of Anachronism.\u201d In Compelling Visuality: The Work of Art in and out of History<\/em>, edited by Claire Farago and Robert Zwijnenberg (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2003), 31\u201344; Carlo Ginzburg, Clues, Myths, and the Historical Record<\/em> (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013 (1986\/1989)); Keith Moxey, Visual Time: The Image of History<\/em> (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2013); Linda Nochlin, \u201cFrom 1971: Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?\u201d<\/a> ARTnews<\/em>, May 30, 2015 (1971). ↩<\/a><\/span><\/li>
  5. Sara Ahmed, \u201cA Phenomenology of Whiteness,\u201d Feminist Theory<\/em> 8, 2 (2007): 149\u201368; John Baines, 2015. \u201cWhat is Art?\u201d In Melinda Hartwig, ed., A Companion to Ancient Egyptian Art<\/em>, (Malden, MA and Oxford, UK: Wiley Blackwell, 2015), 1\u201321; Carolyn Dean, \u201cThe Trouble with (the Term) Art,\u201d Art Journal<\/em> 65, 2 (2006): 24\u201332, Elena FitzPatrick Sifford and Ananda Cohen-Aponte, \u201cA Call to Action,\u201d Art Journal<\/em> 78, 4 (2019): 118\u201322; Jill Lepore, \u201cEpisode 1: The Clue of the Blue Bottle,\u201d<\/a> The Last Archive<\/em> podcast, May 14, 2020; Steven Nelson, \u201cIssues of Intimacy, Distance, and Disavowal in Writing about Deana Lawson\u2019s Work,\u201d<\/a> Hyperallergic<\/em>, June 4, 2018. ↩<\/a><\/span><\/li>
  6. For example, in the 2021 iteration of the seminar, we read Nelson\u2019s essay along with Dushko Petrovich interviews with involved parties to glean a fuller view of the circumstances Nelson recounts. See \u201cIntimacy, Distance, and Disavowal in Art Publishing: Conversations with Dushko Petrovich,\u201d<\/a> Art Journal Open<\/em>, August 16, 2018. ↩<\/a><\/span><\/li>
  7. For the introductory essay to the issue, see Lillian Lan-ying Tseng and Milette Gaifman, \u201cArt History with or without Borders,\u201d The Art Bulletin<\/em> 102, 4 (2020): 6. See also Jacopo Gnisci, \u201cConstructing Kingship in Early Solomonic Ethiopia: The David and Solomon Portraits in the Juel-Jensen Psalter,\u201d The Art Bulletin <\/em>102, 4 (2020): 7\u201336; Alessandra Russo, \u201cLights on the Antipodes: Francisco de Holanda and an Art History of the Universal,\u201d The Art Bulletin<\/em> 102, 4 (2020): 37\u201365; Jessie Park, \u201cMade by Migrants: Asian Ivories for Local and Global Markets, ca. 1590\u20131640,\u201d The Art Bulletin<\/em> 102, 4 (2020): 66\u201389; Mary K. Coffey, \u201cJos\u00e9 Clemente Orozco\u2019s Dancing Indians<\/em>: Performing Mexicanness for the Trans-American Market,\u201d The Art Bulletin<\/em> 102, 4 (2020): 90\u2013120; and Kristopher W. Kersey, \u201cThe Afterlife of the Western Canon: Archive and Eschatology in Contemporary Japan,\u201d The Art Bulletin <\/em>102, 4 (2020): 121\u201345. ↩<\/a><\/span><\/li>
  8. See \u201cCondition Report 3 On Art History in Africa,\u201d<\/a> RAW Center for Art Knowledge and Society<\/em>. See also the website<\/a> for Creative Knowledge Resources, an interdisciplinary project founded by Nomusa Makhubu, an art historian and artist based at the University of Cape Town in South Africa. ↩<\/a><\/span><\/li>
  9. The Museum of Modern Art, \u201cMoMA Appoints Ugochukwu-Smooth C. Nzewi as the Steven and Lisa Tananbaum Curator,\u201d<\/a> press release, March 6, 2019. See also Robin Pogrebin, \u201cMoMA to Close, Then Open Doors to More Expansive View of Art,\u201d<\/a> New York Times<\/em>, February 5, 2019. ↩<\/a><\/span><\/li>
  10. For preliminary visualizations of data for art history jobs from 2011 to 2020 posted on the Academic Jobs Wiki, see Stephanie Tuerk, \u201cArt History Jobs, 2011\u20132020,\u201d<\/a> Observable<\/em>, December 19, 2020. ↩<\/a><\/span><\/li>
  11. Robert Weisbuch and Leonard Cassuto with contributions by Peter Bruns, Johnella Butler, and A. W. Strouse, \u201cReforming Doctoral Education, 1990 to 2015: Recent Initiatives and Future Prospects,\u201d<\/a> report submitted to the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, June 2, 2016, iv. Findings in the Mellon report echo findings in another report published fifteen years earlier. See Chris M. Golde and Timothy M. Dore, \u201cAt Cross Purposes: What the Experiences of Today\u2019s Doctoral Students Reveal about Doctoral Education,\u201d<\/a> a survey initiated by the Pew Charitable Trusts, January 2001. I thank Chris Suh for his conversations with me on the topic of graduate education and job markets for PhDs as well as the reference to the 2001 report. Even though it is now more than two decades old, the findings in the report may hold relevance today. ↩<\/a><\/span><\/li>
  12. Compare Francesco Casetti, Michael Della Rocca, Roderick Ferguson, Valerie Hansen, David Kastan, Pamela M. Lee, Kathryn Lofton, Stephen Pitti, Ayesha Ramachandran, and Pamela Schirmeister with Bench Ansfield, Doyle Calhoun, Maria del Mar Galindo, Micah Khater, Mina Magda, Naila Razzaq, Carl Rice, Jae Rice, Lea Schroeder, and John Webley, \u201cReport of the Humanities Doctoral Education Advisory Working Group,\u201d<\/a> submitted to Dean Lynn Cooley, Dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Yale University, February 1, 2021. ↩<\/a><\/span><\/li>
  13. Nancy Um, \u201cWhat Do We Know about the Future of Art History?, Part 1: Let\u2019s Start by Looking at Its Past, Sixty Years of Dissertations,\u201d<\/a> caa.reviews<\/em>, August 18, 2020. Nancy Um also presented a lecture, \u201cMapping the Discipline, Plotting the Data of the History of Art,\u201d<\/a> on September 23, 2020 as part of MAP IT | Little Dots, Big Ideas, a public lecture series at Emory University. Students enrolled in Gagliardi\u2019s ARTHIST 590R seminar attended the lecture as a course requirement. For more information, see MAP IT | Little Dots, Big Ideas<\/a><\/em>. ↩<\/a><\/span><\/li>
  14. Due to the sensitive nature of this type of information, we are withholding the name of the institution. Yet more transparency among programs might help programs better account for and adjust to present realities. I also thank the individuals who helped with accessing and analyzing the data. ↩<\/a><\/span><\/li>
  15. Sarah Vowell, Assassination Vacation<\/em> (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006); Sarah Elizabeth Lewis, \u201cWhere Are the Photos of People Dying of Covid?\u201d<\/a> New York Times<\/em>, May 1, 2020; Lepore, \u201cEpisode 1: The Clue of the Blue Bottle.\u201d ↩<\/a><\/span><\/li>
  16. A comment art historian Paul Jaskot made during his February 2021 lecture, \u201cThinking about Visibility and Invisibility in the Art Historical Canon,\u201d informed the data visualization assignments I devised for the fall 2021 iteration of the course. The assignments ask students to identify, organize in a spreadsheet, and visualize information presented on syllabi and in textbooks in order to assess different approaches to the teaching of art history. Readings and podcast episodes that I added to the fall 2021 syllabus and that pertain to data literacy and computational methods include Yanni Alexander Loukissas, \u201cPreface\u201d and \u201cIntroduction,\u201d in All Data Are Local: Thinking Critically in a Data-Driven Society<\/em> (Cambridge and London: The MIT Press, 2019), xi\u2013xvi, 2\u201311, 196\u2013200; Hannah Turner, \u201cIntroduction: \u2018The Making of Specimens Eloquent\u2019,\u201d In Cataloguing Culture: Legacies of Colonialism in Museum Documentation<\/em> (Vancouver and Toronto: UBC Press, 2020), 3\u201327, 194\u201398; Catherine D\u2019Ignazio and Lauren F. Klein, \u201cIntroduction: Why Data Science Needs Feminism\u201d and \u201cThe Power Chapter.\u201d In Data Feminism<\/em> (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2020), 1\u201319, 21\u201348, 235\u201352; Caro Fowler with Caitlin Woolsey and Samantha Page. \u201c\u2018A Database is an Argument\u2019: Anne Helmreich on Digital Humanities and Art History,\u201d<\/a> In the Foreground<\/em> podcast (46:05), March 2, 2021; Emily Pugh, \u201cArt History Now: Technology, Information, Practice,\u201d<\/a> International Journal for Digital Art History<\/em>, 4 (2019): 3.47\u20133.59; Stephen H. Whiteman, \u201cBeyond the Perspectival Paradigm: Early Modern Pictorial Space and Digital Challenges to the Field,\u201d The Art Bulletin<\/em> 103, 2 (2021): 8\u201323; Diana Greenwald, Painting by Numbers: Data-Driven Histories of Nineteenth-Century Art<\/em> (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2021). ↩<\/a><\/span><\/li>
  17. Council of Graduate Schools and the Jed Foundation, \u201cSupporting Graduate Student Mental Health and Well-being: Evidence-Informed Recommendations for the Graduate Community,\u201d<\/a> 2021. ↩<\/a><\/span><\/li>
  18. \u201cGraduate Student Happiness & Well-Being Report,\u201d<\/a> The Graduate Assembly of the University of California, Berkeley, 2014; Colleen Flaherty, \u201cMental Health Crisis for Grad Students,\u201d<\/a>Inside Higher Ed<\/em>, March 6, 2018; Hironao Okahana, \u201cPressing Issue: Mental Wellness of Graduate Students,\u201d Council of Graduate Schools<\/em>, April 9, 2018.; Council of Graduate Schools and the Jed Foundation, \u201cSupporting Graduate Student Mental Health and Well-being: Evidence-Informed Recommendations for the Graduate Community,\u201d<\/a> 2021. ↩<\/a><\/span><\/li>
  19. Council of Graduate Schools, \u201cA Call to Action and List of Signatories,\u201d<\/a> May 5, 2021. ↩<\/a><\/span><\/li>
  20. The 2021 study by the Council of Graduate Schools and the Jed Foundation addresses death by suicide, but it does not specifically tie death by suicide to the humanities. The report\u2019s authors do write that \u201cThere is some evidence to suggest that humanities graduate students may suffer mental health issues at higher rates than their peers in other fields” (Hyun et al., 2006; Lipson, et al., 2016, 5). ↩<\/a><\/span><\/li>
  21. A 2021 Boston University, Mary Christie Foundation, and the Healthy Minds Network study shows that while many faculty recognize and are concerned about growing mental health challenges among students, faculty have relatively low confidence in their ability to identify students in distress. See Boston University School of Public Heath, Mary Christie Foundation, and the Healthy Minds Network. 2021. The Role of Faculty in Student Mental Health<\/a><\/em>, 2021, accessed on May 18, 2021. ↩<\/a><\/span><\/li>
  22. See Laurie Santos, The Happiness Lab<\/a><\/em> podcast, 2019\u2013ongoing; David Shimer, \u201cYale\u2019s Most Popular Class Ever: Happiness,\u201d<\/a> New York Times<\/em>, January 26, 2018. ↩<\/a><\/span><\/li>
  23. From the spring of 2021 through the spring of 2022, Gagliardi held a teaching fellowship from Emory\u2019s Center for Faculty Development and Excellence to pursue additional research on the topic and to draw on her findings to shape future courses she will teach. ↩<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    In conceiving the fall 2020 course and ways to meet its objectives, I reflected on the pros and cons of teaching … More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"kia_subtitle":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17424","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry",""],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/artjournal.collegeart.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17424","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/artjournal.collegeart.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/artjournal.collegeart.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/artjournal.collegeart.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/artjournal.collegeart.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=17424"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/artjournal.collegeart.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17424\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/artjournal.collegeart.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=17424"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}